Metal planing or cutting machine



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

' J; A. COSTELLO. v

METAL PLANING 0R CUTTING MACHINE- NO. 575,703. I Patented Jan. 26, 1897.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH A. COSTELLO, OE CLEVELAND, OHIO.

METAL PLANING OR CUTTING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 575,703, dated January26, 1897.

Application filed May 11, 1896. Serial No. 591,080. (No model.)

To all whom it nuty concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH A. COSTELLO, of Cleveland, Ouyahoga county,Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metal Planingor Cutting Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in metal planing or cuttingmachines; and it consists, first, in a tool-holder for such1nachineshaving a double-acting tool adapted to cut forwardly andrearwardl y, and, second, in certain novel and meritorious features ofconstruction and combinations of parts, hereinafter described, andpointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front side elevation of myimproved toolholder for a metal planing or cutting machine. Aportion ofthe tool-bearin g apron and apronbearing frame are broken away and insection in this figure to more clearly show the means instrumental inretaining said apron in its perpendicular or normal position. Fig. 2 isa right-hand side elevation of the toolholder. This figure shows insolid lines the tool in its perpendicular or normal position and showsin dotted lines the tool swung forwardly with its rear cutting edge inan operative position. Fig. is a top plan, and in this figure portionsare broken away and in section to more clearly show certain features inthe construction. Fig. 4 is a right-hand side elevation, partly insection, and shows in solid lines the tool swung rearwardly by the workas required to render the forward cutting edge of the tool operative.Fig. 5 is a front side elevation having portions removed or broken awayand in section to more clearly show the construction.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the rear vertically-arran gedsupportin g-plate of the tool. Plate A in the application of thetool-holder of a metal planing or cutting machine is secured to thelatters cross-arm in the usual manner.

B designates the tool-bearing apron, arranged centrally of the forwardside of plate A, between the two forwardly-proj ectin gvertically-arranged parallel flanges A A of plate A. Apron Bis journaledat its upper end upon the horizontally-arranged shaft 0, that isjournaled at its ends in said flanges A, formed upon the forward sideof, as already indicated, and preferably integral with plate A.

Any suitable number of comparatively narrow plates I) extendtransversely of the forward side of apron B, between the upper and lowerextremities of the apron, and are rigdly secured to the latter. PlatesI) afford a rear bearing for the cutting-tool D, that is clamped in anupright position to plates 1) by the well-known means of studs B, platesE, and nuts Z). Studs B are rigid with and project forwardly of theapron. Plates E are upon said studs and bear against the front side ofthe cutting-tool, and nuts I) are mounted upon the studs at the forwardsides of said plates E, and are instrumental in securing thecutting-tool rigidly in position.

The cutting-tool is of the double-acting variety and is consequentlyprovided at its lower end with two cutting edges D D formed at theforward extremity and rear extremity, respectively,'of said end of thetool and designed to cut forwardly and rearwardly, respectivel y. Thetool-bearing apron, and consequently the tool, in the latters idle ornormal position hangs perpendicularly, as shown in solid lines, Fig. 2,and the tool, and consequently the tool-bearing apron, is swungforwardly or rearwardly, according as the work V to be planed or cut isfed forwardly or rearwardly and according as the tools rear cutting edgeor the forward cutting edge is to operate upon the work.

Stops for limiting the swinging movement of the tool-bearing apron andattached tool in opposite directions are provided. The forward stop,provided for limiting the forward swinging movement of the tool-bearingapron, consists, preferably, of two upright shoulders g g, formed uponopposite ends, respectively, of a yoke G, that extends across theforward side of the apron and around the front of the tool and issecured in any approved manner to plate A. Shoulders g are arranged tobe engaged by the forward side of the apron in the lattersforwardly-swung position and are preferably somewhat undercut, as shownin Figs. 3 and 4, to afiord a suitable bearing for the apron in saidposition. Yoke G is provided, preferably, with a screw II, arranged tobe engaged by the front side of the tool when the latter is actuatedinto its forward extreme position and afford abearing for the tool insaid position and prevent strain upon the means instrumentalin securingthe tool to the apron.

The rear stops for the tool-bearing apron and instrumental in limitingthe rearward swinging movement of said apron and the attached toolcomprise, preferably, a pair of wedges I 1, arranged a suitable distanceapart horizontally at the forward side of plate A and arranged,furthermore,with their smaller ends facing each other, as shown in Fig.3, and with their forward sides converging toward said smaller or innerends. A right and left handed horizontally-arranged screw K extendsthrough said wedges, and the different wedges are mounted upon oppositeportions, respectively, of the screw and have their screw-engaging holescorrespondingly threaded. Screw K extends through theforwardly-projecting flanges A of plate A and is rendered stationary inany approved manner, and the arrangement of parts is such that thewedges are moved toward or from each other, according as the screw isturned in the one direction or the other.

The central portion of the rear side of the tool-bearing apron is shapedto correspond with the forward sides of wedges I I, so that when theapron and attached tool are swung into their rearward position saidapron conforms to the ample bearing-surface afforded by said wedgesforward sides that is, the rear side of the apron has tworearwardlyconverging surfaces B having the trend required to render themparallel with the forward sides of the different wedges, respectively,when the apron is swung into its rearward position. The arrangement ofparts is of course such that in the perpendicular or normal position ofthe apron and attached tool a space or clearance J (see Fig. 3) is hadbetween the apron and the forward sides of the wedges in any one of theadjustments of the wedges, and the forward sides of the wedges also havea trend downwardly and rearwardly (see Fig. 4) to conform to therearward inclination of the tool-bearing apron when the latter is in itsrearwardly-swung position.

By the construction hereinbefore described it will be observed that theclearance or space between the forward sides of the wedges and rearsideof the tool-bearing apron is increased or decreased according as thewedges are adjusted from or toward each other, and that the distancewhich the apron and attached tool are swung rearwardly by the workpreparatory to the operation of the forward cutting edge of the tool isdecreased or increased according as the aforesaid space is decreased orincreased, and it will furthermore be observed that by said constructionany imperfection in the grinding of the lower end of the cutting-tool,resulting in the location of the tool-cutting edges out of linehorizontally, merely requires the proper adjustment of the wedges and noregrinding of the tool. It is of course obvious that both cutting edgesof a tool of the character indicated should have the same depth of cutin their operation, and unless one of the stops for limiting theswinging movements of the tool-bearing apron of the attached toolpossesses the capacity of being adjustable, as the wedgeforming stopshereinbefore described, a tool having its cutting edges out of linehorizontally would have to be reground.

The cutting-tool is arranged forward of the aprons axis, and the forwardcutting edge is consequently lowered upon swinging the toolbearing apronrearwardly and rendering said cutting edge operative. Hence if the toolsrear cutting edge extends below the forward cutting edge in theperpendicular or normal position of the tool wedges I I are adjustedapart the distance required to increase the extent of rearward movementof the toolbearing apron and cause the forward cutting edge in itsoperative position to have the same elevation relative to therearwardlymoving work as the tools rear cutting edge has during theforward movement of the work. Suitable means for maintaining parallelismbetween the opposing surfaces of the wedges and the tool-bearing apronin any ad justment of the wedges during the rearwardlyswung position ofthe apron is also provided, and comprises, preferably, a suitablecurvature of the upwardly and downwardly extending rear convex surfacesof the wedges and correspondingly-engaging concave surface of plate Aineon j unction with suitablyinclined surfaces formed at the inner sidesof the forwardly-projecting flanges of plate A at the forward sides ofthe wedges. For instance, each flange A, upon its inner side and at theforward end of the adjacent wedge, is provided with a small plate L,that is rigidly secured to the flange in any approved man ner, and isprovided with a downwardly and inwardly inclined flange L, whoseopposing surfaces constitute two parallel downwardly and inwardlyextending inclines, and the adjacent wedge en gages the rearward one ofsaid inclines and has an arm I, projecting under and forward of andengaging the forward side of the forward incline. By this constructionit is obvious that when the wedges are adjusted apart their engagementwith the rear inclines forces them upwardly upon the forward side ofplate A, and when the wedges are adjusted toward each other theengagement of their arms I with the forward inclines forces themdownwardly upon the forward side of plate A, and the arrangement ofparts and the euiwature of the opposing surfaces of plate A and thewedges are such that parallelism shall always be obtained between thewedges forward sides and the tool-bearing aprons rear side when saidapron is swung into its rearward position preparatory to the operationof the cutting tools forward cutting edge.

The holes A in flanges A, through which screw K extends, are of courseelongated vertically to accommodate the up and down movements of thewedges.

Means for positively returning the toolbearing apron and attached toolto the perpendicular or normal position at the end of each stroke ormovement of the work is provided, and comprises, preferably, a pin M,(see Figs. 1 and 3,) arranged horizontally and adapted to move endwiseof a hole A extending horizontally through the lower portion of theflange A at the left-hand side of plate A, and at its inner end engaginga hole 13 in the left-hand edge of the tool-bearing apron. The inner endof pin M has its forward and rear sides tapering or converging towardthe pins inner extremity, (see Fig. 3,) and the forward and rear sidewalls of hole B correspondingly taper or converge inwardly. A spring 0,suitably secured to the aforesaid flange A of plate A, acts to force pinM inwardly, and a nut m, mounted upon the outerexternally-screw-threaded portion of pin M and having its outer endengaged or borne upon bysaid spring, is instrumental in adjusting thesprings tension-that is, the tension of the spring is increased uponactuating the nut outwardly by turning the nut in the one direction andis decreased upon shifting the nut inwardly by turning it in theopposite direction. When the tool-bearing apron is swung in the onedirection or the other by the work preparatory to the operation of thetool, pin M is shifted outwardly against the action of spring 0. Thepeculiarly-arranged tapering inner end of the pin and correspondinglyshaped and arranged hole in the apron accommodate said outward shiftingof the pin, and the arrangement of parts is preferably such that the pinshall in no instance entirely leave the engaging hole in the apron; butas soon as the work being operated upon has reached the end of itsstroke or movement in either direction spring 0 will actuate pin Minwardly, and thereby return the apron and attached tool into theirperpendicular ornormal position, as required. preparatory to the toolsengagement by the work upon feeding the latter in the oppositedirection.

The importance of holding or retaining either one of the tools cuttingedges during the actuation of said edge into its operative position atthe same elevation at which it is held in the perpendicular or normalposition and thereby enable th e attendant. preparatory to the cuttingoperation, to quickly gage the depth of cut by adjusting the toolaccordingly when the tool is in its perpendicular or normal position,and, furthermore, to enable the attendant to reverse the work at anypoint between the ends of the works stroke or movement without alteringthe depth of cut ormutilating the work, is obvious, and the objectindicated in the immediately-preceding lines I accomplish by operativelyconnecting the apron, preferably at or near its lower end, with thelower end of a vertically and forwardly and rearwardly tilting lever P,that is fulcrumed horizontally at or near its central portion at P tothe right-hand flanges A of plate A, and is operativelyconnected at itsupper end, by means of a link Q, with the crank O of the oscillating camand crank-shaft O, that bears the tool-bearing apron. The portion ofsaid shaft within the apron is suitably shaped to form a circular cam 0It must be borne in mind that the tool is arranged forward of the axisof the supporting-apron, and that when the tool is swung forwardly, asshown in dotted lines, Fig. 2, to bring its rear cutting edge into anoperative position by the forwardly-moving work said cutting-edge would,if the aprombearing shaft were a plain shaft, be elevated; but saidcutting edge should be lowered and not elevated, in order to keep it atthe same elevation relative to the work, and it is obvious that saidedge will be lowered during the forward movement of the tool if thearrangement of parts is such that the greatest radius of the cam remainsforward of the shafts axis during said movement of the tool, andconsequently the arrangement of parts is such that in the perpendicularor normal position of the tool-bearing apron the cam has its greatestradius, extending such a distance forwardly of the shafts axis that therear cutting edge of the tool shall be lowered during the forwardmovement of the tool the distance requiredto keep the edge in the samehorizontal plane during said movement.

If shaft 0 were a plain shaft, the forward cutting edge would be loweredduring the rearward swinging movement of the toolbearing apron; but bythe construction and arrangement of parts hereinbefore described theapron-engaging end of lever P, when the tool-bearing apron is swungrearwardly, as shown in solid lines, Fig. 4, is tilted rearwardly andthe cam oscillated in the directionrequired to gradually elevate theapron and attached tool, and the forward cutting edge during the sweepof the tool from the latters perpendicular position to said cuttingedges operative position, is kept at the same elevation relative to thework.

The connection of the lower end of leverP with the tool-bearing apron ispreferably by means of a pin or lug B formed upon the apron and engaginga hole P in the lever, and said lug or pin fits the engaging holewidthwise of the hole, but the latter is elongated longitudinally of thelever to accommodate the latters operation.

What I claim is 1. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, thecombination of the tool-bearing apron capable of being swung forwardlyand rearwardly of its perpendicular or normal position, and having itstool provided with two cutting edges D and D arranged at the forwardextremity and rear extremity, respectively, of the tools lower end;means for limiting the forward sweep of the apron; twosuitably-supported wedges arranged a suitable distance apart at the rearside of the apron, with their smaller ends facing each other, and withtheir forward sides converging rearwardly toward each other and sloping,also, rearwardly in a downward direction, suitable means for adjustingthe wedges apart, and the arrangement of parts being substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

2. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination with thetool-bearing apron capable of being swung forwardly and rearwardly ofitsperpendicular or normal position, and having its cutting-toolprovided with two cutting edges D, D formed at the forward extremity andrear extremity, respectively, of the tools lower end, and the rear sideof the apron having the two rearwardly-converging surfaces 13 of meansfor limiting the aprons forward sweep; two wedges I I arranged rearwardof the different surfaces 13*, respectively, with their smaller endsfacing each other, and with their for ward sides converging rearwardlyand sloping, also, downwardly in a rearward direction; a stationaryright and left handed screw for adjusting the wedges apart, and theparts being arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a tool-holder of the character indi cated, the combination withthe tool-bearing apron capable of being swung forwardly and rearwardlyof its perpendicular or normal position, and having its tool providedwith two cutting edges, D D formed at the forward extremity and rearwardextremity, respectively, of the tools lower end, and the aprons rearside comprising two rearwardly-converging surfaces B of twosuitably-supported wedges I I arranged rearward of said differentconverging surfaces, respectively, and arranged with their smaller endsfacing each other, and with their forward sides convergin g rearward] yand sloping, also, rearwardly in a downward direction; means foradjustin g the wedges toward and from each other, and means instrumentalin establishing parallelism between the forward sides of the wedges andadjacent sloping surfaces of the apron in the rearwardly-swung positionof the apron in readjusting the wedges, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

4-. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination withthe upright plate A and the tool-bearing apron supported from and at theforward side of said plate, and capable of being swung forwardly andrearwardly of its perpendicular or normal position, and having a toolprovided with two cutting edges formed at the forward extremity and rearextremity, respectively, of the tools lower end, and the rear side ofsaid apron comprising two rearwardly-eonverging surfaces B of means forlimiting the aprons forward sweep; two wedges I I rearward of thedifferent sloping surfaces, respectively, of the apron, and movableupwardly and downwardly of the forward side of the aforesaid plate, saidwedges being arranged with their smaller ends facing each other, andhavin g their forward sides converging rearwardly and sloping, also,downwardly in a rearward direction; means for adjusting the wedgestoward and from each other; a stationary downwardly and inwardlyinclined member at the forward side of each wedge and having its rearside engaging the forward extremity of said wedge, an arm on the latterengaging the forward side of said inclined member, and the parts beingso arranged and the trend of the opposing surfaces of the aforesaidplate and wedges being such that parallelism between the forward sidesof the wedges and adjacent sloping surfaces of the apron is establishedin the rearwardly-swnng position of the apron in readjusting the wedges,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a tool of the character indicated, the combination of the uprightplate A concave upon its forward side and having two forwardly-'nojectin g flanges A arranged a suitable distance apart; thetool-bearing apron hung between the upper ends of said flanges andcapable of being swung rearwardly and forwardly of its perpendicular ornormal position and having a tool provided with two cutting edges formedat the forward extremity and rear extremity, respectively, of the toolslower end, and said aprons rear side having two rearwardlyconvergingsurfaces 13*; a wedge I arranged rearward of each of said slopingsurfaces, and the two wedges arranged with their smaller ends facingeach other, and with their forward sides converging rearwardly, andsloping, also, downwardly in a rearward direction, and having their rearsides convex to render the wedges capable of sliding upwardly anddownwardly of the aforesaid concave surface of the apron-supportingplate; means for adjusting the wedges toward and from each other; aplate L secured to the inner side of each of the aforesaid flanges andprovided with a downwardly and inwardly inclined flange L having itsrear side engaging the ad jaeent wedge, and the latter having an arm Iengaging the forward side of said inclined flange, substantially asshown, for the purpose specified.

(3. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination withthe suitably-suspended tool-bearing apron capable of being swungrearwardly and forwardly of its perpendicular or normal position andprovided, in one of its edges, with a recess or hole having its forwardand rear side walls converging inwardly; of a suitably-supported pinmovable endwise and extending into the aforesaid hole, and having theforward and rear sides of its inner end converging inwardly, and aspring acting to retain said pin in the latters inner position,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination with thesuitably-suspended tool-bearing apron capable of being swung rearwardlyand forwardly of its perpendicular or normal position and provided, inone of its edges, with a recess or hole havin gits forward and rear sidewalls converging inwardly; of a suitably-supported pin movable endwiseand arranged to extend centrally into the aforesaid hole in the apronsnormal position and-having the forward and rear sides of its inner endconverging inwardly and having its outer portion externallyscrew-threaded; a nut engaging the pins threaded portion,

and a spring bearing against the outer end of the nut, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

8. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination of asuitably-supported horizontally-arranged oscillating shaft provided witha cam; the tool-bearing apron mounted, at its upper end, upon the cam;mechanism for raising and lowering the apron, said mechanism beingoperatively connected with the aforesaid shaft, and the arrangement ofparts being such that the apron shall be lowered or elevated, accordingas it is swung forwardly or rearwardly of its normal position,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination of asuitably-supported horizontally-arranged oscillating shaft O providedwith a crank O and a cam 0 the tool-bearing apron mounted, at its upperend, upon the cam, and lever mechanism operatively connecting the lowerend of the apron with the aforesaid crank, and the arrangement of partsbeing such that the apron shall be lowered or elevated according as itis swung forwardly or rearwardly of its normal position, substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

10. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination of asuitably-supported horizontally-arranged shaft 0 provided with a crank Oand a cam C the toolbearing apron mounted, at its upper end, upon thecam; a forwardly and rearwardly vertically-tilting lever P operativelyconnected, at its lower end with the aprons lower end, and the link Qoperatively connecting the upper end of said lever with the wrist of theaforesaid crank, and the arrangement of parts being such that the apronshall be lowered or elevated according as it is swung forwardly orrearwardly of its normal position, substantially as and for the purposeset forth.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification, in the presence of twowitnesses, this 1st day of May, 1896.

JOSEPH A. COSTELLO.

\Vitnesses:

0. H. Donna, ELLA E. TILDEN.

